Texas Holdem
A Brief History:
Texas Holdem (or Hold’em, Holdem) is the most popular poker variant played in casinos in the United States. Hold 'em’s simplicity and popularity has inspired a wide variety of strategy books which provide recommendations for proper play. Popularity of the game surged in the 2000s due to exposure on TV, on the Internet, and in popular literature. During this time, Hold 'em replaced all other forms of poker as the most common game in U.S. casinos. The no-limit betting form is used in the widely televised main event of the World Series of Poker (WSOP) and the World Poker Tour (WPT).
Step 1: Let’s Begin
An Overview
Each player is dealt two private cards (" Hole Cards " or " Pocket Cards "), after which there is a betting round. Then three community cards are dealt face up (the " Flop "), followed by a second betting round. A fourth community card is dealt face up (the " Turn "), followed by a third betting round. A fifth community card is dealt face up (the " River ")and the the fourth and final betting round. At the Showdown , each player plays the best five-card hand they can make using any five cards from the two pocket cards and the five community cards (or Board Cards ).
Supplies Needed
1) Standard 52 Card Deck (NO JOKERS) $3
2) Monetary Equivalent (usually POKER CHIPS) $5 and up
3) 1 - 10 willing Humans (5 or more preferably) $Priceless
4) “DEALER” Button (or equivalent) >$1
5) 1 Table (Large enough to accommodate said “Humans”. DO NOT USE A MIRROR TABLETOP!) $
Optional Supplies
2nd Deck of cards (1 Red & 1 Blue) $3
“Poker Table Top” (adds a “casino” feel) $20 and up
Good Luck Charm
NOTE: The illustrations that follow are from a “birds eye view” of the table. I used Paint.NET for most of my photo editing.
Step 2: Getting Ready to Rumble
The Table
The table typically has anywhere from two to ten players. Tables with four or less players are referred to as “short handed”. When there are only two players the game is called “Heads Up”.
First Dealer
To determine who begins the game, a single card is dealt face up to each player; high card will be the first “Dealer (D)”. (High card is Ace, followed by; K, Q, J, 10 etc.) The Dealer position is indicated by a white plastic chip referred to as the button . After each round of play, or “hand”, the dealer button rotates to the left (clockwise), ensuring that everyone gets to play in all positions.
Blinds
Before the cards are dealt, forced bets , called the " Big Blind (BB) " and the " Small Blind (SB) " (or Little Blind) are made. The Small Blind position is always the seat to the left of the Dealer, and the Big Blind is the seat to the left of the Small Blind. The amounts of the blinds are predetermined, and the Small Blind is usually half the Big Blind.
Step 3: Foreplay!
Shuffle and Deal
The deck is shuffled and the dealer deals two cards face down to each player, one card at a time, starting with the player on the left (Small Blind position, then continues in a clockwise manner). These cards are your Hole Cards or Pocket Cards .
Step 4: Let the Game Begin!
PreFlop
Once the cards are dealt, each player looks at their cards.
The Pot
The pot is the sum of money (or Chips) that players bet during each hand. After each betting round, all bets go into the pot until the Showdown.
Acting
Each player, when it’s their turn, makes their choice and Acts . There are five acts that can be played:
1) Check - betting zero. Players may not check on the opening round because they must either match (or raise) the big blind or fold.
2) Bet - the opening bet of a betting round.
3) Call - to match a bet or a raise.
4) Fold - to discard your hand and forfeit the current pot.
5) Raise - to increase the size of the current bet.
5a) Re-Raise - making a second raise in the same betting round.
:: Let’s play with YOU in last position (one before the Dealer) :: yay!
The player that’s first to act (aka “Under The ■■■” UTG) PreFlop, is the one to the left of the BB. The player can choose from three acts ; 1) CALL the current bet, 2) FOLD the hand without betting, or 3) RAISE the bet.
If a player raises the bet, each player must now call the new amount to continue playing the current hand, including those who may have already acted. If a player chooses to fold, the money already in the “Pot” from the prior “call” remains in the pot. At any time a player may re-raise. If no player raises the big blind, then the player in BB position may check or raise. It is important to note that if a player raises, that player may not raise again unless they were re-raised, as opposed to called. The round of betting stops when all players have either folded or called the last raise.
Step 5: The Flop
The Burn
The Dealer removes a playing card from the top of a deck and discards it (“Burn”), face down to the discard pile without it being revealed to the players. This is done to to deter cheating.
The Flop
The Dealer then deals three cards face up . This is called the “Flop”.
These are the first three of the five community cards that all players can use, along with their pocket cards, to make the best possible poker hand.
(See the end of this Instructable for Standard Poker Hand Rank.)
Betting; Round 2
First to act after the Flop and on every subsequent round of betting, is the SB. The SB can choose from the following acts ; 1) CHECK without betting anything, 2) BET or 3) FOLD.
There is one change in play decision here-on-out: If the players acting before your turn choose to “Check”, you may do so too. As before, the betting round ends when all players have Folded or Called the last bet or raise, or if all players have “Checked”.
Step 6: The Turn
The Turn
The dealer burns another card and then deals a fourth community card face up. This is called the “Turn”.
Betting; Round 3
There is another round of betting, with the SB position being first to act. As mentioned before, the SB has the same choice of acts as after the Flop. (Check, Bet, Fold)
Once again, the betting round ends when all players have Folded or Called the last bet or raise, or if all players have “Checked”.
NOTE: There are Two Images below.
Step 7: The River
The River
The dealer burns another card and then deals the fifth and final community card face up. This is called the “River”.
Betting; The Final Round
This is the final round of betting. First to act has the same choice of acts as before. (Check, Bet, Fold)
At this point (or before) if all but one player folds, the last player who didn’t fold wins the pot. In such a situation the player may “Muck” his hand, which means to toss it into the discard (Burn) pile without showing anyone their hand. Mucking helps keep the other players from learning your playing style.
Step 8: Showdown!
The Showdown
If more than one player remains after the last betting round, the remaining players expose and compare their hands to determine the winner (or winners). This is called the “Showdown”.
A showdown can involve anywhere from two players to the entire table, depending on how many players stayed in the game up to this point. All players still in the hand show their cards, starting with the last person to bet. Once this player shows their cards, all other players in the showdown may muck their hand, essentially conceding the pot. By mucking the player is admitting that they have been beat without having to show their cards.
Tie
If two (or more) players tie a hand, they “chop (split) the pot” evenly among those players. The same holds true if the board has the five highest cards (best hand), the pot is chopped.
Step 9: The Winner!
The Winning Hand
The best five-card hand (or hands, in the case of a tie) wins the pot.
:: In our example, this is YOU! ::
Forming a Hand
There are three possible combinations to form a hand using board (community) cards and/or pocket cards.
- Two pocket cards & Three board cards
- One pocket card & Four board cards
- No pocket cards & Five board cards (called playing the board. You must declare that you are “playing the board” before you throw your cards away; otherwise you relinquish all claims to the pot.)
Hand Rankings
A hand always consist of five cards. Individual cards are “ranked” as follows (high-to-low): A, K, Q, J, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2. ACE can be low, but only when part of an A-2-3-4-5 straight. Suits (Club, Diamond, Heart, Spade) have no value, so if two players have hands that are identical except for suit, then they are tied. A “Kicker” card is a high card used to break ties between hands of the same rank (ex. 2 players with “Four of a Kind”, 3 K’s on the board. P1 has K, 9 and P2 has K, 6. P1 with K, 9 wins with the “9 Kicker”.)
Here are the “Rank of Hands” in the order of Strength with Probability of being dealt.
Royal Flush - A, K, Q, J, 10, all in the same suit. 1 in 650,000
Straight Flush - Five cards in sequence, all of the same suit. 1in 65,000
Four of a Kind - Four cards of one rank. Kicker breaks ties. 1 in 4,000
Full House - Three matching cards of one rank, plus Two matching cards of another rank. Higher ranking set of three wins. If two players have the same set of three, the player with the higher pair wins. 1 in 700
Flush - Five cards of the same suit. High card wins. 1 in 500
Straight - Five cards of sequential rank, but different suit. High card wins. 1 in 250
Three of a kind - Three cards of the same rank, plus two unmatched cards. High set wins. 1 in 50
Two Pair - Two cards of the same rank, plus Two cards of another rank. High pair wins. 1 in 20
One Pair - Two cards of the same rank, plus Three unmatched cards. High pair wins. 1 in 2 1/3
High Card - One card high, plus four unmatched lower ranking cards. Ace is the Highest card. Kicker breaks ties. 1 in 1
Step 10: Other Poker Stuff
NOTES
Texas Hold’em can be played as Limit , No Limit , and Pot Limit .
“Limit” games mean that you can only bet up to a predetermined amount, typically equal to the big blind, and raise the same amount.
“Pot Limit” means you can raise up to the current amount in the pot, but no more.
“No Limit” is the most dramatic of the three, where any player, at any time, can declare “All In” and bet everything he has. A player calling an All In move with too few chips creates a side pot , which he cannot win and is separate from the main pot, which he can win.
Raises are typically limited to four or five bets total; the big blind, the first raise, and then three or four more re-raises.
