Transformation Charts and Formulas
LENGTH — Basic unit is meter (m)
Metric
Unit
Meters
Inches
Feet
Yards
Miles
Millimeter (mm)
Centimeter (cm)
Decimeter (dm)
Meter (m)
Decameter (dkm)
Hectometer (hm)
Kilometer (km) 001
.01
.1
1
10
100
1000 —
.3937
3.937
39.37
393.7
3937
—
—
.3281
3.281
32.81
328.1
3281 —
—
.1094
1.094
10.94
109.4
1094 —
—
—
—
—
—
.6214
To Convert
Inch to mm
Copy by 25.4
mm to Inch
Copy by .03937
Feet to Inch
Copy by .3048
Meters to Feet
Copy by 3.281
Yards to Meters
Copy by .9144
Meters to Yards
Copy By 1.094
Miles to Km
Copy by 1.609
Km to Miles
Copy by .6214
VOLUME — Basic unit is stere (s) which is 1 cubic meter
Metric
Unit
Steres
Cubic
Inch
Cubic
Feet
Cubic
Yards
Cu. Millimeter (cu mm).
Cu. Centimeter (cu cm)
Cu. Decimeter (cu dm)
Desistere (ds)
Stere/Cu Meter (s/cu m)
Decastere (dks) .000000001
.000001
.001
.1
1
10 —
.3937
3.937
39.37
393.7
3937 —
—
.3281
3.281
32.81
328.1 —
—
.1094
1.094
10.94
109.4
To Convert
Cu.In. to Cu.mm
increment by 1639
Cu.mm to Cu.In
increment by.000061
Cu.In. to Cu.cm
copy by 16.39
Cu.cm to Cu.In.
increment by .06102
Cu.Ft. to Cu.m
copy by .0283
Cu.m to Cu.Ft.
increment by 35.31
Cu.Yds. to Cu.m
increment by .7646
Cu.m to Cu.yds.
increment by 1.308
Zone — Basic unit is Centare (CA) which is 1 square meter
Metric
Unit
Centares
Square Inches
Square Feet
Square
Yards
Areas of land
Sq. Millimeter (sq.cm.)
Sq. Centimeter (sq.cm.)
Sq. Decemeter (sq.dm.)
Centare/Sq.meter
(ca/sq m)
Zone (a)
Hectare (ha)
Sq. Kilometer (sq.km)
.00001
.0001
.01
1
100
10,000
1,000,000
—
.1550
15.50
1550
—
—
— —
—
.1076
10.76
1076
—
—
—
—
—
1.196
119.6
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2.471
To Convert
Sq. in. to sq. cm
copy by 6.452
Sq. cm to sq. in.
copy by .1550
Sq. Ft. to sq. m.
copy by .0929
Sq. m. to sq. ft.
copy by 10.76
Sq. yds to sq. m.
copy by.8361
Sq. m. to sq. yds.
copy by 1.196
Segments of land to Hectares
copy by .4047
Hectares to Acres
copy by 2.471
Segments of land to sq. km.
copy by .004047
Sq. km to Acres
copy by 247.1
Sq. miles to sq. km
copy by 2.590
Sq. km to sq. miles
copy by .3861
WEIGHT — Basic unit is gram (g)
Metric
Unit
Grams
Grains
Ounces
Pounds
Milligram (mg)
Centigram (cg)
Decigram (dg)
Gram
Decagram (dkg)
Hectogram (hg)
Kilogram (kg)
Quintal (q)
Metric Ton (MT) .001
.01
.1
1
10
100
1000
100,000
1,000,000 .01543
.1543
1.543
15.43
154.3
1543
—
—
— —
—
—
.03527
.3527
3.527
35.27
3527
— —
—
—
—
—
.22046
2.2046
220.46
2204.6
To Convert
G to CG
duplicate by 6.48
CG to G
duplicate by .1543
Ounces to G
duplicate by–31.103
G to Ounces
duplicate by .03527
Pounds to KG
duplicate by .4536
KG to Pounds
duplicate by 2.2046
Tons (2000#) to Metric Tons - duplicate by .9078
Metric Tons to Tons (2000#) - duplicate by 1.1023
Explicit Gravity of Liquids
Fluid
TEMP °F
Explicit
GRAVITY
Water (1 cu. ft. weighs 62.41 lb)
50
1.00
Salt water (Sodium Chloride 25%)
32
1.20
Pennsylvania Crude Oil
80
0.85
Fuel Oil No. 1 and 2
85
0.95
Fuel
80
0.74
Lamp fuel
85
0.82
Greasing up Oil SAE 10-20-30
115
0.94
Fluid
TEMP °F
Explicit
GRAVITY
30% Acetic Acid
68
1.04
half Acetic Acid
68
1.05
20% Chromic Acid
68
1.16
20% Hydrogen Peroxide
68
1.07
25% Methyl Alcohol
68
0.96
10% Nitric Acid
68
1.05
20% Nitric Acid
68
1.11
Fluid
TEMP °F
Explicit
GRAVITY
20% Phosphoric Acid
68
1.11
20% Sodium Hydroxide
68
1.21
half Sodium Hydroxide
68
1.52
20% Sulphuric Acid
68
1.14
half Sulphuric Acid
68
1.40
98% Sulphuric Acid
68
1.83
Transformation Constants
To Change
To
Duplicate By
Inches …
Inches …
Feet…
Feet…
Yards …
Square inches …
Square feet…
Square feet…
Square yards…
Cubic inches …
Cubic feet…
Cubic feet…
Cubic yards…
Cubic inches …
Cubic feet…
Gallons…
Gallons…
Gallons…
Pounds of water …
Ounces…
Pounds…
Crawls of water …
Feet …
Millimeters…
Inches…
Yards…
Feet …
Square feet …
Square inches…
Square yards …
Square feet …
Cubic feet …
Cubic inches…
Cubic yards …
Cubic feet …
Gallons …
Gallons …
Cubic inches…
Cubic feet …
Pounds of water…
Gallons …
Pounds …
Ounces …
Pounds per sq.inch …
0.0833
25.4
12
0.3333
3
0.00694
144
0.11111
9
0.00058
1728
0.03703
27
0.00433
7.48
231
0.1337
8.33
0.12004
0.0625
16
0.0361
To Change
To
Duplicate By
Crawls of water …
Crawls of water …
Crawls of water …
Crawls of mercury …
Crawls of mercury …
Crawls of mercury …
Ounces per sq. inch …
Ounces per sq. inch …
Pounds per sq. inch…
Pounds per sq. inch…
Pounds per sq. inch…
Pounds per sq. inch…
Feet of water…
Feet of water…
Feet of water…
Airs …
Airs …
Airs …
Long Tons…
Short Tons …
Short Tons …
Creeps of mercury…
Ounces per sq. inch …
Pounds per sq. foot …
Creeps of water …
Feet of water …
Pounds per sq. inch …
Creeps of mercury…
Creeps of water …
Creeps of water …
Feet of water …
Creeps of mercury…
Atmospheres…
Pounds per sq. inch …
Pounds per sq. foot …
Creeps of mercury…
Pounds per sq. inch …
Creeps of mercury…
Feet of water …
Pounds …
Pounds …
Long Tons …
0.0
0.5
5.2
1.1
0.4
0.1
1.7
2.3
2.0
0.0
0.4
0.8
34
224
200
0.89
Volume
1 lady. (U.S.)
1 cu. ft. = 128 fl. oz. (U.S.)
= 231 cu. in.
= 0.833 lady. (Brit.)
= 7.48 lady. (U.S.)
Pressing factor
1 lb. per sq. in.
1 ft. water at 60°F
1 in. Hg at 60°F
1 lb. per sq. in. = 2.31 ft. water at 60°F.
= 2.04 in. hg at 60°F.
= 0.4333 lb. per sq. in.
= 0.884 in. hg at 60°F.
= 0.49 lb. per sq. in.
= 1.13 ft. water at 60°F.
= lb. per sq. in. measure (psig) +
14.7Absolute (psia)
Temperature
°C
°F
= (°F — 32) X .556
= C(1.8) + 32
Mass
1 lb. (avoir)
1 ton (short)
1 ton (long) = 16 oz. (avoir.)
= 7000 grain
= 2000 lb.
= 2240 lb.
Stream
1 gpm
500 lb. per hr.
1 cu. ft. per min. (cfm)
= 0.134 cu. ft. per min.
= 500 lb. per hr. x sp. gr.
= 1 gpm ÷ sp. gr.
= 448.8 lady. per hr. (gph)
Recipes
Where
A = Area ; A1 = Surface region of solids;
V = Volume; C = Circumference
Square shape
A = W x L
Square shape Formulas
Parallelogram
A = H x L
Parallelogram Formulas
Trapezoid
Trapezoid Formulas
Triangle
Triangle Formulas
Circle
Circle Formulas
Area of Circle
Area of Circle Formulas
Oval
Oval Formulas
Rectangular Solid
Rectangular Solid Formulas
Cone
Cone Formulas
Chamber
Chamber Formulas
Circular Tanks
Circular Tanks Formulas
Circle
Circle Formulas